increased congestion, when one compares commuter times from the suburbs to the inner city area during the morning peak, it is reported that car transport is faster than rail transport in terms of riding time alone, and that rail transport is put at even more of a disadvantage if one also includes waiting time (Haiden 1989).
In terms of safety and the level of service, the current image given by the railway is again poor. For example, in the area of land use around stations, there are many cases where vacant land, derelict buildings, waste dumps and factories, etc. are disorderly sprawled around, and this discourages use of the railway. As a result, friction often arises with surrounding land use plans and the local community.
Another problem lies in the poor access to stations. Because many stations lie between residential districts, they have very poor access to main roads and can often only be reached along narrow local roads which cannot be used by buses and other large vehicles. Many such roads are unpaved or left in an unmanaged and filthy state.
One serious problem that has resulted from this disconnection between the railway and surrounding urban functions is an increase in the occurrence of crime within rail facilities. As many as 850 cases of crime that occur within the Metro rail network are reported to police every year and, when one considers unreported cases too, the situation has to be described as extremely serious.
2)Buses
The share of bus utilization in the metropolitan region has gradually declined in the face of competition from cars and taxis (kombi taxis), and this in tam has led to a worsening of the bus transport situation in the form of route reductions and service cutbacks, etc. Moreover, as a result of the increased dispersion of the urban population and longer commuter distances, bus routes are growing longer and more dispersed, and this has damaged the profitability of the bus service by resulting in the need for more buses and increasing low-profit routes, etc.
3)Taxis
The growth of the taxi transport sector has been the result of deregulation measures designed to remove the gap between supply and demand in the public transport sector, and has greatly contributed to local development. Taxi (kombi taxi) transport has increased threefold over the past four years, and the actual share of overall transport has also risen.
